2.
  -2021
..  

(  
)
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.      
2.     -    
-
3.      
4.       
-
5.         
2.
6.    (1964-66)         
  
-
7.   NPE (1986)     
8.              
  -2021
..  

(  
)
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.      
:󷉃󷉄  :     
    
,      
            ,      
 , " V-  
 ?"   -    

  ,   , "   "   ,  ,   
         - ,     -  
2.
       
        
,         ,   
   
  , 
 :
     
 , ,   
  - 
-,        
          
?
󼨐󼨑󼨒  ?
   ,  , , -,      
    
,  ,       
  
           
   
:
 
 
 
    
             , ,    
   
󷆫󷆪   
         
1.󷼘󷼙󷼚󷼛󼋐󼋑󷼩󻰉󻰊󻰋󻰌󻰍󻰋󻰎󻰏󻰐󻰑󻰒󼋒󼋓󼋔󻰓󻰔󻰕󻰖󻰗 
  ,     '     
󹻂 
    
 
, , ,        
     
2.
󹻂 
,   - 
 
          
󹻂   -
,        
    
  
  ,   
,  
 ,    
2.󷩀󷨹󷨺󷨻󷩁󷩂󷨼󷨽󷨾󷨿 
           
 
󹻂 
,      
 
       
󹻂  
 ,       
      
󹻂 
    
-        
 -   ,     
3.󷩃󷩄󷩅󷩆󷩇󷩈   
        

󹻂 
      
       
󹻂 
     
 
   
 
2.
󹻂  
 , ,   
  
 
      
 -     
4.󷨕󷨓󷨔 
   -       
󹻂   
    , , , 
    
 
󹻂 
      
 ,         
󹻂 
     
       
           
5.󷆰 
      ,      
󹻂  
  -  , ,  -     
      
󹻂- -
  ,  ,       
     
 
󹻂 
      (SDGs)    
         
2.
       
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇  :        
 -  ,            -  
    - 
     
       

 ,  ,    

    , ,          
    , ,         
       
      
  - ,    
   
󼨐󼨑󼨒, -  - 
 -   
 ,      
󹻂 
   (, , )
           
󹻂- 
  , , ,  
 
     
󹻂- 
      (,  ,  )
  -
      
 
󼨐󼨑󼨒    
        
󹻂
,     '   
󹻂   
        
󹻂 
2.
        
󹻂 
  ,  ,        
   
 -       
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
     ,        :
󽅂
    
 
  
 
󷃆󼽢
- 
 
 
 
   ,     
󼨐󼨑󼨒:     
    , -,     
   
      ,     ,    
      , , ,    
 ,  ,    -      ,
    

            ,     
  ,           -  
    
       
 -   
2.
2.     -    
:󷉃󷉄    
        -       -  
     ,   ,      
 ,     -     ,     ,  
  
      -  
 
     ,       '      
,   -    
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤    
    7:00   ,   
 ,     , 
                ,
 -     ,         
             
10
      ,   ,       
 , ,       ,      
  
      ,           ,  
        ,    
  
             
,   -           
   
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   ?
         
    , 
              ,
       ,     
       
󹸯󹸭󹸮    :
1. -:         
2.  :         
 
3.  :  '     
2.
4. -   :   '         
   
5.   :  ',     
    
6. -:  ,  ,     
󷕘󷕙󷕚:
   
      
              
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤-   ?
-               ,
  
            
   ,   , ,  ,   
󹸯󹸭󹸮-    :
1.  :  -, ,    
2.    : ,  , ,  
 
3. -:   '             

4.     
:       ,  
 

5.      :, ,         
6. -: , , ,      

 
󷕘󷕙󷕚:
    
    
      
     
2.
󼨐󼨑󼨒  - :   

 
- 

    -

  -
  
, , 
,  , 

 
   

   
   
/
  
   
     

   
 
   
  ,   
  

   
 , ,


   
-    

 
    -
    

󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹  

,    ,  -  '        
     ,         , 
 -    ,   -    
  -           
 , , -  
,      ,   
 ,       -          
   ,   
,       
     -  -  
󷆊󷆋󷆌󷆍󷆎󷆏:     
       
  ,      
    -,          

2.
 ,         ,         
      
     '       
',        -   
 
  -             


,         
-
3.      
:󷪛󷪜󷪝󷪞󷪟󷪠󷪢󷪡  :     
      -  
,    
           ,  
  ,   
               
  
,  , ,    
      
,       
,   
  , 
 :
     ?
   
     
   - 
       
        

󷉃󷉄  ?
  ,          
  
     '   
 :
    
     
   
,         
2.
         
       ,
, -   
       
    :


   
  
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :   ?
  ""  ""          
 





   
   

 , -   
, -

 , , 
  

, 
-, 

      

  
  '   
   
            
󷪛󷪜󷪝󷪞󷪟󷪠󷪢󷪡  
      ,       
󹻂- (, )
-  ' 
 ,       
󹻂 ( 1-5)
, ,        
 ,       
󹻂 ( 6-10)
     
2.
        
󹻂  ( 11-12)
 (, , )    
       
󹻂  (, )
       
          
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   
             
 
󹻂
:, , ,  
-:, ,  
󹻂  (  )
  -
   
    
   
    
,  ,       
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇  :      
    ,             
,
     
   ,  ,     
         ,      
        
                
   
            
,   ,     
  
   ,       ,  
 
- 
  
󹂴󺯦󺯞󺯧󹂷󹂸󹂹󺯨󹂻󺯟󺯩󺯪󺯠󺯡󹃀󺯢󺯫󺯣󺯤󺯬󺯭󺯮󺯥󺯯󺯰󺯱󺯶󺯷󺯸󺯹󺯺󺯻󺯼󺯽󺯾󺯿󺰀󺯲󹃌󺯳󺰁󹃏󺯴󺰂󺰃󺰄󺰅󺯵󺰆󺰇 

2.
    
           
󹻂 

 
  
󹻂-  



󹻂 
, , 
 
             
,
  
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
      
󹻂 
 -  -
  -
󹻂 
    
    
       
,        
 
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
         
󹻂  
: , ,  
2.
: , , 
󹻂
     
    
  
    ,     '   
󼨐󼨑󼨒  - 
   -      
󹻂 
, -
    
󹻂- 
  ,     
 
       
 ,            
   -   
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
      
󹻂  
   
    
 
󹻂   
  
    
 
    
  
-     
2.
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
   ,       
󽅂
          -  
󽅂 
    '   
󽅂  
        
󽅂 
,     
           
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
           
󷃆󼽢 
 ,  ,  
󷃆󼽢 
     '      
󷃆󼽢 
   '    
󷃆󼽢  
 ,  ,   
   ,   - 
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇  :    
   ,    ,         
           ,    
  
 
2.
 ,              
 ,      
    
        
 -    
󼨐󼨑󼨒:    -  
               -
      -  ,    ,  
    
           ,     ,     
           ,   ,  -
  
        ,     ,    
 -       : 
        
 -   
4.       
:󷉃󷉄       
              ,     
     -       :  
 ,  
 ,     
     
 
  
  
 
 ,           ,    

   , "
  ?"   
  , "   
           
  ?"
   
"       ?"   
" 
,"     "   "
    , “            
  
  ,  ,          -      
        
        
     
2.
󷆫󷆪   
?
        
   
    
1.     
      
       
       ' ,          
   
                 
 
    ,         
, ,    
  -      
         
2.   
                   
   ,        
  , 
 , ,     
  
            , ,
        
 
 -       - , ,      
-    
3.   
                
     
          
  -   
,     ,   ,    
?  ,        
 -   , -    
2.
4.   
     
-   , -   ,  -
               -  
 -    
 
    ,  ,        
         
  
5.     '    
 ,           
  ,  -  ,        
 
 ,    ,           
  '  ,    ,      
   
       '  
     ' 
 
 
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬    ?
  
     ,       -  
,      
1.    
    
  ,         
      , ,     '
   :
 
 
 -
  
  
2.
  -           
    
2.    
             

    -     
  , , , ,     -   


    ,  , ,      
 ,  
     
3.     
       
      :
     
   
    
     
      
 -   ' 

   ,  , 
       
  
4.    
            , 
,           
   :
   '   
      
     
2.
       ,         
     
5.    
             
             
    
 :
, ,   
    
,    
   ,  ,         
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳  :    
           
 
   ,          '     
  

   ,           
  
           -,    , 
 ,         ,     
        ,        
     
   
 -       
 
󽄻󽄼󽄽
,  :
    
 -    
    ' ,    , -  
      
       -         
' 
2.
     ,           , 
   
 -  ,      
-
5.         
:󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷󺫦󺫤󺫥󺫧     :  ,  
     
                ,
,           , ,
       
         -     
         
    
 -
         ,        
"
?",    "?"
   '          ,    ,  

 
󼨐󼨑󼨒   ?
       ,    "  " 
  
                  
 : 
  
  ?
- ,     -    :
   ?
    ?
   ?
   ?
 ,     
 :   
󷕘󷕙󷕚   :    
2.
         '      ,
     -    
󹻂 
,     '   
 ,      
, ,        
       
󹻂  
 :, , 
: , , 
, -, , -
󹻂
    
     
        
   :        ?     
  ?
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇 :      
 ,    ,           
  ,  ,  
   ,    
          ,     
  
             
     
,     ,   
        
         
 -    
 
     :         
🛠   :   
2.
            '  
   
        
󹻂 
      '   
      , , , 
     
 , ,      
󹻂  
 :.., , 
 : ,  , 
 :, ,  
󹻂
     
   
        
   :       ?    
       ?
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇  :     
  ,                 
 -   
,        
               
        ,   ,   
  
     
 -    
     :   
   
󼨐󼨑󼨒      
2.
      :

 

   

 ,   

, , 

,   
  
, ,  
   
 ,  
    -    
 
󼨐󼨑󼨒   

       "" ,       
 ""          
󷃆󼽢  :
  
 
 
󷃆󼽢  :
 
  
 
  ,           
,    
     
,   
       ()     () 
 
           ()   
   ()    '  
      
󼨐󼨑󼨒 :  
,       
2.
󹻂     
   ,      
󹻂     
      
󹻂- 
        
           
󼨐󼨑󼨒:     
                
,    
 
   ,        
  
   ,      
 
           ,      
          , 
       
  
-       
            
 ,  
   ,  -   
 -      
6.    (1964-66)         
  
:󷉃󷉄  :        
    ,      ,      , 
 -    ,  ,      
     ,       , "    
 ?        "
     , " , , 
,    ,   
          
     
   -       ,  ,     
    "
 ,              , 
            - , , ,  
2.
        ,   -   
             
    ,    (1964-66),    (. ..
   )    ,         
                
  
               , 
    
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹   
1960           
    , 

  , ,          
           ,   

           
      "        " 
           '     

      
 ,              
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬       
1.  
    '             
 ,     '       
   ?
            
 
                -
     
 ,       ,    
  
2. 
        -  ,   
    ,      ,
             
2.
         - ,  
   
3.    
  ,             
    , 
    ,   
  
 ,            ,  
  '     
4.  
             
       ,     , 
      
          
,    '  
       
5.  
      , ,      
         ,     , 
  ,    ,           
              ,    
 
6. 
       ,    
             ,  ,
     -      
  :   10-15    
 ,    
   -      
󷃆󼽢   
     ,            
   :
1. -    
        :
2.



  
 
 ,       ,     
   :
      , "
   ?"   
,    ,          , "  
    "        '  
  -    
2. -   
 -   
           
  :
   
  
 
   
 ,                
3.    
          ,       ,
,      '          '
    '  
4.    
       ,      
         , ,    ( 
 '    ) 
- 
     ' ,     
5.     
      '   -    
 :
2.
 
 
  
    
        
6.  
         ,      
               
    
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤         ?
     ,      :
     
     
      
 -,         
     
󷆊󷆋󷆌󷆍󷆎󷆏:      
          , ,      
 ,     ,            
    (1964-66)       
 , , ,    '   ,  
            

 - 
   
 ,              - 
     
         
,  
     -        
2.
-
7.   NPE (1986)     
:󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈    :  1986  
       
 1980       ,     '   
      ,          ? 
     
,    
1986 ,       (NPE)   -   
               
  ' 
    
 -         
     
 ,  ,     
 
 1986  NPE   '         
󷕘󷕙󷕚   ?
    ,        
              ' ,
        :
  (  .., ..., .)
   (  .., ..., .)
  (...)
  (,  , , )
         ,      
             ,    
    
󼨐󼨑󼨒NPE 1986  
?
1986  ,          :
      
      
2.
     
   
     
               ,
-     
     NPE 1986   
󷨕󷨓󷨔   NPE 1986   
          
1.󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   '   
NPE 1986    '       -   
󹻂  :
        
      
    
󹻂:
    '      
   
        
     -   
2.󷪛󷪜󷪝󷪞󷪟󷪠󷪢󷪡  
         
󹻂  :
  (SC),   (ST),      

,      
       
󹻂:
 '         
2.
    
   
       
3.󹺧󹺨󹺩󹺪󹺫    
 1986        
󹻂  :
      
-   
     
󹻂:
   
  ,      
       
      ,     

4.󻰿󻱀󻱁󻱂󷽳󻱃󼋥󻱅󼋦󻱆󻱇󼋧󼋨󻱈󻱉󻱊󼋩󻱋󻱌󻱍󼋪󼋫󼋬󼋭󻱎󻱏󻱐󻱑󻱒󻱓󻱔󻱕󻱖󼋮 
       NPE 1986       
 
󹻂  :
          
     
       
󹻂:
      
     
     
     
5.󼨻󼨼 
   ,         
2.
󹻂  :
   -    
 ,          
    
󹻂:
       
 -        
    
     
6.󷆰  
1986  ,               
󹻂  :
      
    
      
󹻂:
-    
        
      
        
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇  :      
      ,        -  , 
        NPE 1986       ,
      
,               
   ,  ..  ,    '  
   
   
          '  
, 
  
2.
󼨐󼨑󼨒1986  NPE     
         
 -      

󹻂   
 1992 (  )
   (2005)
NEP 2020 ( )
󹻂  
 (    )
NAAC (    )
   
󹻂  
       
   
      
NPE 1986         
󼨐󼨑󼨒:      
1986            -     
  
       
 -  ,      
    ,    ,     
 ,   ,     
 
   
  NPE 1986      , 
 
  
   
       ,  

2.
8.              
: 󷆯󷆮󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂         
     ,           ,   
        -        ,  
         ,        
    ,             
-     ,       
, ,        ,     - 
        
         -      
               
  ?   
󹸯󹸭󹸮  
         - , , 
           -  21
 
  ,             ,
       
        
     
-    ,      ,    
     
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬           
          :
1. 󷆰     
       :
  ( , , ) 
    
     
2.
 ,              
             
           
2. 󺫦󺫤󺫥󺫧     -   
,     '    ,  , ,
 ,  -    ,   :
 

 
   

   ,          
         
 
:              
 
        
3. 󹶯󹶲󹶳󹶰󹶱󹶴     
            :
 
 
  
  
         ,       
          
4.   
     
 
  '  ,           :
,  ,      - 
2.
 , ,     
,       
 ,  " "  " "    
      :" 
          
                -
                 
 "
5. 󼨐󼨑󼨒      
    
         
 :
  
   
  
   
,        ,   
        
6. 󺯑󺯒󺯓󺯔󺯕󺯖󺯗󺯘󺯙󺯚󺯛󺯜󺯝 ,     
     ,      ,    
   :

 -
 (, , , )  
   -     '  
7. 󷊄󷊅󷊆󷊇󷊈󷊉     
         :
  
      
     
2.
   
         
8. 󼗑󼗒󼖻󼗓󼖽󼖿󼗔󼗕󼗌󼗖󼖿󼘁󼘂󼗗󼘃󼗘󼗙󼗚󼘄󼘅    : ,   
    '   ,   :
    
   
   
   
     
,        
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳   :   
    ,          
      ,       
             
 
             
         ,       
        
      
       
             
󷙎󷙐󷙏 
   ,     -       
    :
       
     
    
       
     '  
 ,    , -    
            
2.
   ,            
  -        
󷃆󼽢  :
  
   
 
 
        
- 
       
 
    
 
    
 
  
  
       
 
      
 
,    -   
              ,  
       -    
"                

       ,         "